Therefore, the battery ground cable is connected to the body. However, if such a ground connection is not enough, the consumer is connected to the ground with a separate wire, usually with brown insulation. Switches, relays, fuses, measuring devices, electric motors and other electrical elements are included in separate current circuits. For the correct connection of electrical elements, individual connection wires have different colors.
It is recommended to use electrical diagrams as follows:
To read electrical circuits, you need to know some symbols for electrical components, and you should also know the most important circuit symbols. All consumers and switches are shown in a state of rest (de-energized)
First, you should find the required electrical circuit in the electrical circuit table of contents, which is also indicated at the top of the electrical circuit. Next to each element is its designation.
Wire coloring / Wire cross-section
The letters next to some wires determine their color.
If the wire cross-section is not specified, it is 0.5 mm². If the wire code is specified in brackets, the wire cross-section is 0.3 mm². The letters indicate the following wire colors:
- B = black
- Bg = brown
- G = green
- Gr = gray
- L = blue
- Lg = light green
- Sb = silver
- LI = blue
- O = orange
- P = pink
- R = red
- Y = yellow
- W = white
The first letter indicates the main color of the wire, and the second letter indicates the color of the stripes. Example: GB means a green wire with black stripes.
Designations of vehicle model variants and element positions
The following abbreviations are used in electrical circuits:
- ABS = anti-lock brake system
- A/C = air conditioning
- A/T = automatic transmission
- CHG = charge control lamp
- DIESEL = a car with a diesel engine
- FBC = Electronically controlled carburetor
- F/GA = Fuel Gauge
- GND = ground (earth)
- HEAD = headlights on
- ILL = illumination
- IND = indicator lamp
- INT = interval mode operation
- J/B = fuse box
- LH = left
- MPI = vehicles with multi-point fuel injection
- M/T = gearbox
- PETROL= cars with petrol engine
- REED = read switch (speed sensor)
- RH = right
- SOHC = overhead camshaft engine
- DOHC = Double Overhead Camshaft Engine
- TAIL = exterior lights on without headlights
- T/GA = coolant temperature gauge
- T/L = left indicator light
- T/R = turn signals in right turn signal indicator lamp